Other generators are driven by the kinetic energy of flowing water and wind. The other processes, electricity transmission, distribution, and electrical energy storage and recovery using pumped-storage methods are normally carried out by the electric power industry.Įlectricity is mostly generated at a power station by electromechanical generators, driven by heat engines heated by combustion, geothermal power or nuclear fission. His basic method is still used today: electric current is generated by the movement of a loop of wire, or disc of copper between the poles of a magnet.įor electric utilities, it is the first process in the delivery of electricity to consumers. The fundamental principles of much electricity generation were discovered during the 1820s and early 1830s by the British scientist Michael Faraday. Using the Pythagorean Theorem, the relationship among real, reactive and apparent power is: This representation is often called the power triangle. The apparent power vector is the hypotenuse of a right triangle formed by connecting the real and reactive power vectors. Real power is represented as a horizontal vector and reactive power is represented as a vertical vector. The relationship between real power, reactive power and apparent power can be expressed by representing the quantities as vectors. Power triangle: The components of AC power θ = θ v − θ i is the phase angle by which the voltage sine wave leads the current sine wave, or equivalently the phase angle by which the current sine wave lags the voltage sine wave.I rms is the root-mean-square current in amperes. V rms is the root-mean-square voltage in volts.
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